Hallucinations are different from illusions, or perceptual distortions, which are the misperception of external stimuli. People with psychosis may have one or more of the following: hallucinations, delusions, catatonia, or a thought disorder, as described below.Ī hallucination is defined as sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli. rather than ecstatic experience such as religious ecstasy, though with such a broad term, there are no hard and fast rules.Ī wide variety of central nervous system diseases, from both external poisons and internal physiologic illness, can produce symptoms of psychosis. It is also important to note that psychosis usually refers to negative expressions, that is paranoia, stereotypy etc. Depending on its severity, this may be accompanied by unusual or bizarre behavior, as well as difficulty with social interaction and impairment in carrying out daily life activities. People experiencing psychosis may exhibit personality changes and thought disorder. Despite this, psychosis is a term generally given to noticeable deficits in normal behavior (known as deficit or negative signs) or more commonly to the florid experiences of hallucinations or delusional beliefs. The terms psychosis and psychotic are very broad and can mean anything from relatively normal aberrant experiences through to the florid and catatonic expressions of schizophrenia and bipolar type 1 disorder. Of specific interest is the entorhinal cortex, which has far fewer indirect connections to the tertiary auditory cortex, as well as direct connections to the hippocampus, the most active region of neurogenesis in the adult brain. These have a much more complex genesis, involving abnormal synaptic plasticity, and the formation of a "parallel process" within the brain. However, some positive symptoms lack a simple neurotransmitter-based explanation, specifically, the auditory hallucinations observed in schizophrenia.
Stimulants, especially in one already prone to psychotic thinking, can cause some "positive" symptoms, such as delusional beliefs, particularly those persecutory in nature. NMDA antagonists replicate some of the so-called "negative" symptoms e.g., thought disorder in sub anesthetic doses, and catatonia in high doses. Prolonged or high dose use of stimulants will alter of function like the manic phase of bipolar disorder. NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ethanol and ketamine, can replicate a similar psychosis to that experienced in schizophrenia. In otherwise normal individuals, exogenous ligands can produce psychotic symptoms. Indeed, a complex constellation of neurological and psychological factors can result in the altered signaling observed in psychosis. Some professionals say that the term psychosis is not sufficient as some illnesses grouped under the term "psychosis" have nothing in common. Psychosis is given to the more severe forms of psychiatric disorder, during which hallucinations and delusions and impaired insight may occur. People suffering from psychosis are described as psychotic. Psychosis (from the Ancient Greek ψυχή "psyche", for mind/soul, and -ωσις "-osis", for abnormal condition or derangement) means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality".
House realizes his psychotic hallucination
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